The Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT) |
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The GNAT (pronounced like the bug) is a flexible technique designed to measure implicit social cognition. Conceptually similar to other implicit measures like the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, JPSP, 1998), the GNAT assesses automatic associations between concept (e.g., gender) and attribute (e.g., evaluation) categories. The GNAT has two features that distinguish it from other measures of implicit social cognition. First, the GNAT is designed to be use signal detection statistics in its calculation of automatic associations (d-prime), but can also be adapted to utilize response latency as its operational dependent variable. Second, the GNAT is flexible in the establishing of contextual characteristics for the evaluative situation. For example, the IAT requires an attitude toward one category (insects) be assessed relative to a second category (flowers). With the GNAT, experimenters can vary whether insects are evaluated in the context of a single category (flowers), a superordinate category (animals), a generic category (objects), or with no context at all. Project Implicit is a non-profit organization that provides access to its virtual laboratory infrastructure (especially implicit measures) for other researchers data collection purposes. If you are interested in learning more, see the description of services, and then contact services at projectimplicit.net. |
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GNAT materials |
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Paper describing the
technique and its primary features [Abstract; Request paper] Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). The go/no-go association task. Social Cognition, 19(6), 161-176. Demonstration GNATs measuring automatic attitudes toward fruit and bugs Requires Inquisit (www.millisecond.com). Note: This is a demonstration task only. If you plan to use the GNAT for research, you should carefully review the parameters of the GNAT outlined in the above paper in the context of your research question. Sample analysis programs and data for demonstration GNATs Sample analysis program: SPSS datafile, Sample data. [Thanks to Gerd Bohner and Frank Siebler found an error in the original analysis file for calculating bias scores. See this file for a demonstration of the problem and the fix. The new SPSS file above corrects the problem.] Data and scripts from 2001 paper Appendix from Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (1995). Appendix: Implicit gender stereotyping in judgments of fame. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 181-198. Correction alternatives for empty cells in d' and bias analysis.
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Papers that cite the original GNAT paper (Nosek & Banaji, 2001) to March 1, 2006 |
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Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). The go/no-go association task. Social Cognition, 19(6), 625-666. [Request Paper ] Theory is constrained by the quality and versatility
of measurement tools. As such, the development of techniques for measurement
is critical to the successful development of theory. This paper presents
a technique the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT) that joins
a family of existing techniques for measuring implicit social cognition
generally, with a focus on attitude (evaluation). To expand the measurement
potential supplied by its closest cousin, the Implicit Association Test
(IAT), the GNAT can be used to examine automatic social cognition toward
a single target category. That is, the GNAT obtains a measure of implicit
social cognition without requiring the direct involvement of complementary
or contrasting objects. Also, by implementing a response deadline in the
procedure, the GNAT trades off response latency for sensitivity as the
dependent variable measure. This paper provides a description of the technique
through a series of experiments (1-5) that reveal its primary features
using simple attitude objects. In Experiment 6, the GNAT is used to investigate
attitudes toward race (Black and White) and gender (Male and Female).
To explore the theoretical leverage offered by this tool, Experiment 6
puts to test a recurring question concerning automatic in-group favoritism
versus out-group derogation. Results demonstrate the dual presence of
both out-group derogation (e.g., negativity toward Black Americans) and
in-group favoritism (positivity toward White Americans), a finding that
emerges because the GNAT offers the potential for independent measures
of attitude toward the two groups. Through these experiments, the GNAT
is shown to be an effective tool for assessing automatic preferences as
well as resolving persistent questions that require independent measures
of individual attitude objects while maintaining the advantages of response
competition tasks. |